Probiotics: Evidence-Based Use vs Marketing Hype
While browsing the supplement aisle recently, I was struck by the sheer number of probiotic products — many of them marketed with vague claims like “supports general health.” It’s a timely reminder that probiotics are often misunderstood and misrepresented, both by consumers and marketers. What Are Probiotics? Probiotics are live microorganisms — typically bacteria […]
PCOS and Irregular Periods: Why Management Matters
Irregular (oligomenorrhea) or absent menstrual cycles are a hallmark feature of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), typically resulting from anovulation. Without ovulation, progesterone is not produced—leading to missed periods and potential downstream consequences. Why This Needs Attention There are two key reasons why managing amenorrhea in PCOS is essential: 🔹 Endometrial Health Ongoing exposure to oestrogen […]
“Cortisol Face” – What is it and is there any truth?
“Cortisol face” is a popular social media fad that adds to the growing misunderstanding of cortisol physiology. Like many viral health trends, it contains a skerrick of truth mixed in with a lot of misinformation. The claim is that high cortisol causes a puffy, round face. This is often followed by advice—sometimes accompanied by a […]
Why is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) now named Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT)?
In recent years, the terminology around hormone therapy for menopause has evolved. What was traditionally known as Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is now more accurately referred to as Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT). While the terms are often used interchangeably, they carry different implications. HRT suggests the replacement of hormones to correct a deficiency—implying that hormone levels are restored to pre-menopausal […]
Can PCOS Be Cured?
Can PCOS Be Cured? A Nuanced Perspective Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 1 in 8 women during their reproductive years. It’s commonly associated with irregular or absent periods and elevated androgen levels, which can lead to acne and excess hair growth. These symptoms arise due to dysfunction at the level of the pituitary, ovaries, […]
Why Exercise Matters—Even If It Doesn’t Lead to Weight Loss
As an endocrinologist, I often meet patients who feel discouraged when exercise doesn’t result in weight loss. Many have tried working out, only to give up when the scale didn’t budge. This reaction is completely understandable—but it’s also based on a common misconception. Exercise offers a wide range of health benefits that go far beyond […]
Insulin Resistance and GLP-1 Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
Even with optimal glycaemic control, individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) continue to face elevated risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One key contributor is insulin resistance (IR), often driven by high doses of exogenous insulin. Unlike natural insulin, which is released by the pancreas and largely broken down by the liver before entering circulation, injected […]
PCOS Phenotypes – Everyone is Unique
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine conditions, but its presentation and impact vary enormously from person to person. Some individuals experience regular menstrual cycles yet have significant biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, while others have irregular periods without elevated androgen levels. Understandably, this variability can be confusing—especially when friends or the […]
Why Women Are More Than Twice as Likely to Suffer Stress Fractures—And the Hidden Risk During Perimenopause
Stress fractures—minute cracks in bone resulting from repetitive stress or overuse—are significantly more prevalent in women than in men. Studies indicate that women are over twice as likely to experience these injuries, especially in sports involving high-impact activities like running, hockey, or soccer. In my practice as an endocrinologist, I frequently encounter women facing bone-related […]
Conflicts of Interest – What to be Aware of Before Starting Hormone or Supplement Therapy
Recently, I had a conversation with a friend that echoed many discussions I’ve had with patients—particularly those who’ve been prescribed hormone treatments like testosterone or growth hormone analogues by online providers. These treatments are often marketed as quick fixes for fatigue, low libido, or general wellness. But here’s the catch: when the person or company […]